Bears, a small group of mostly large omnivorous mammals, can be found all over the world; they live in forests, mountains, tundra, deserts and grassy areas. Though there are different types of bear, all bear species have similarities. They all have stocky, fur-covered bodies; short legs; and a round head with a long snout.
There are eight species of bear: American black bear, Asiatic black bear, brown bear, giant panda bear, polar bear, spectacled bear, sloth bear and sun bear, according to the International Association for Bear Research & Management.
Polar bears, with distinctive white fur, are the largest bears. An adult male polar bear can grow to be 3.5 to 5 feet long (1 to 1.5 meters) and usually weighs between 775 and 1,200 lbs. (351 to 544 kilograms). The smallest bear is the sun bear. It grows to be 4 to 5 feet long (1.2 to 1.5 m) and weighs 60 to 150 lbs. (27 to 68 kg).
The spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus) gets its name from the white markings around its eyes, which resemble glasses. Also known as the Andean bear, it is the only species that lives in South America, where they are distributed throughout the Andes in Venezuela, Columbia, and the coastal foothills of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Their long claws allow them to climb trees, where they often spend their days sleeping away in tree nests that they constructed. (Image credit: Jphipps Dreamstime)
American black bears live only in North America, and spectacled bears are found only in South America. Asiatic black bears are found all over Asia. The sloth bear is also found in Asia, particularly in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka, but may have disappeared from Bangladesh.
Polar bears and giant pandas are some of the rarest types of bears. Polar bears are found only in icy lands of the Arctic, and pandas are found only in wet and cool bamboo forests of central Asia.
An American black bear snoozes in an artificial den constructed by researchers in Alaska. (Image credit: Øivind Tøien)
Most bears are solitary and only interact with their young. Most bears are normally active during the day, unless they encounter humans frequently. Then, they may become nocturnal, to avoid contact. Asiatic black bears, on the other hand, are typically nocturnal. They sleep during the day in trees or caves, and hunt at night.
(Image credit: Cleveland Metroparks Zoo)
Because bears are mammals, they give birth to live young. Baby bears are called cubs. Cubs are completely defenseless when they are born and rely on their mothers for food and protection.
Sun bear cubs have no hair and cannot smell or hear when they are born. Their mother will often stand upright like a human and carry their cubs in their paws or mouth, according to the San Diego Zoo.
Cubs can be smaller than teddy bears. Brown bears weigh as little as 16 to 25 ounces (454 to 709 grams) when they are born. Newborn sun bears are even smaller and can weigh 7 to 12 ounces (198 to 340 g).
(Image credit: AndreAnita/Shutterstock.com)Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: MammaliaOrder: Carnivora Family: Ursidae Genera: Ailuropoda, Helarctos, Melursus, Tremarctos, UrsusSpecies: Eight: Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda), Helarctos malayanus (sun bear), Melursus ursinus (sloth bear), Tremarctos ornatus (spectacled bear), Ursus americanus (American black bear), Ursus arctos (brown bear), Ursus maritimus (polar bear) and Ursus thibetanus (Asiatic black bear)Subspecies: Ursus americanus, 16; Ursus arctos, 16; Ursus thibetanus, 7
Indera is one year and eight months old. He arrived at Belfast Zoo in September 2011 as part of a global and collaborative breeding programme. (Image credit: Belfast Zoological Gardens)
Polar bears are also endangered. According to the World Wildlife Federation, there are only 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears left. The IUCN lists sun bears and sloth bears as "vulnerable" due to habitat loss.